Publications The Body Size of Proboscideans
- Bruhathkayosaurus body mass
- Dinosaur densities press release
- Tetrapod body densities
- Sauropod Encyclopedia
- Palaeoloxodon skull evolution
- Palaeoloxodon poster
- Theropod Encyclopedia
- P. antiquus from Germany
- The Body Size of Proboscideans
- Siculo-Maltese dwarf elephants
- Songhua River Mammoths
- Dinogeography
Autor: Asier Larramendi
After more than 5 years of research, finally comes to light my research on the size and life appearance of the fabulous Proboscideans . It has not been easy, but the hard work was worthwhile with results that have surprised myself . The article shows in detail the size reached by these animals; from a few kg in the oldest species, to a colossal size managed by few ones who rivaled with many sauropods (this was totally unexpected) leaving second (or third, or even more back) place the mythical Paraceratherium, which based on solid evidence, it is considerably smaller than previously thought.
I have developed several methods that will help future researchers to calculate in a simple way the height and body mass of a good number of species. On the other hand, this work will be of great help for those paleoartist who want to illustrate these fantastic animals.
Below you can read the abstract and have access to the accepted manuscript.
Shoulder Height, Body Mass and Shape of Proboscideans
In recent decades there has been a growing interest in proboscideans’ body size, given that mass is highly correlated with biological functions. Different allometric equations have been proposed in the recent decades to estimate their body masses, based on a large number of living examples. However, the results obtained by these formulae are not accurate because extinct animals often had different body proportions and some were outside the size range of extant samples. Here the body mass of a large number of extinct proboscideans has been calculated by the Graphic Double Integration volumetric method which is based on technical restorations from graphical reconstructions of fossils employing photos, measurements and comparative anatomy of extant forms. The method has been tested on extant elephants with highly accurate results. The reconstructions necessary to apply this method give important information such as body proportions. On the other hand, equations to calculate the skeletal shoulder height have been developed, with a large number of published shoulder heights being recalculated. From the shoulder heights, several equations were created to find out the body mass of a series of extant and extinct species. A few of the largest proboscideans, namely Mammut borsoni and Palaeoloxodon namadicus, were found out to have reached and surpassed the body size of the largest indricotheres. Bearing this in mind, the largest land mammal that ever existed seems to be within the order of Proboscidea, contrary to previous understanding.
